ExtUtils::Typemaps::STL::Vector versions before 1.05 for Perl allocate a 32 GiB array on an empty list.
The OUTPUT typemaps call av_extend( av, len-1 ). On an empty list, this undeflows, and av_extend will allocate an array with 2^32 slots, leading to memory exhaustion.
Weakness
The product subtracts one value from another, such that the result is less than the minimum allowable integer value, which produces a value that is not equal to the correct result.