CVE Vulnerabilities

CVE-2013-2164

Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor

Published: Jul 04, 2013 | Modified: Jul 15, 2021
CVSS 3.x
N/A
Source:
NVD
CVSS 2.x
2.1 LOW
AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N
RedHat/V2
1 LOW
AV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N
RedHat/V3
Ubuntu
LOW

The mmc_ioctl_cdrom_read_data function in drivers/cdrom/cdrom.c in the Linux kernel through 3.10 allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel memory via a read operation on a malfunctioning CD-ROM drive.

Weakness

The product exposes sensitive information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.

Affected Software

Name Vendor Start Version End Version
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0-rc1 (including) 3.0-rc1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0-rc2 (including) 3.0-rc2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0-rc3 (including) 3.0-rc3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0-rc4 (including) 3.0-rc4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0-rc5 (including) 3.0-rc5 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0-rc6 (including) 3.0-rc6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0-rc7 (including) 3.0-rc7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.1 (including) 3.0.1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.2 (including) 3.0.2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.3 (including) 3.0.3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.4 (including) 3.0.4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.5 (including) 3.0.5 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.6 (including) 3.0.6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.7 (including) 3.0.7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.8 (including) 3.0.8 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.9 (including) 3.0.9 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.10 (including) 3.0.10 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.11 (including) 3.0.11 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.12 (including) 3.0.12 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.13 (including) 3.0.13 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.14 (including) 3.0.14 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.15 (including) 3.0.15 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.16 (including) 3.0.16 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.17 (including) 3.0.17 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.18 (including) 3.0.18 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.19 (including) 3.0.19 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.20 (including) 3.0.20 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.21 (including) 3.0.21 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.22 (including) 3.0.22 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.23 (including) 3.0.23 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.24 (including) 3.0.24 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.25 (including) 3.0.25 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.26 (including) 3.0.26 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.27 (including) 3.0.27 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.28 (including) 3.0.28 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.29 (including) 3.0.29 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.30 (including) 3.0.30 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.31 (including) 3.0.31 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.32 (including) 3.0.32 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.33 (including) 3.0.33 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.34 (including) 3.0.34 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.35 (including) 3.0.35 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.36 (including) 3.0.36 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.37 (including) 3.0.37 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.38 (including) 3.0.38 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.39 (including) 3.0.39 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.40 (including) 3.0.40 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.41 (including) 3.0.41 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.42 (including) 3.0.42 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.43 (including) 3.0.43 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.44 (including) 3.0.44 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.45 (including) 3.0.45 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.46 (including) 3.0.46 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.47 (including) 3.0.47 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.48 (including) 3.0.48 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.49 (including) 3.0.49 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.50 (including) 3.0.50 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.51 (including) 3.0.51 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.52 (including) 3.0.52 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.53 (including) 3.0.53 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.54 (including) 3.0.54 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.55 (including) 3.0.55 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.56 (including) 3.0.56 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.57 (including) 3.0.57 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.58 (including) 3.0.58 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.59 (including) 3.0.59 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.60 (including) 3.0.60 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.61 (including) 3.0.61 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.62 (including) 3.0.62 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.63 (including) 3.0.63 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.64 (including) 3.0.64 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.65 (including) 3.0.65 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.66 (including) 3.0.66 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.67 (including) 3.0.67 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.0.68 (including) 3.0.68 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.1 (including) 3.1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.1-rc1 (including) 3.1-rc1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.1-rc2 (including) 3.1-rc2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.1-rc3 (including) 3.1-rc3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.1-rc4 (including) 3.1-rc4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.1.1 (including) 3.1.1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.1.2 (including) 3.1.2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.1.3 (including) 3.1.3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.1.4 (including) 3.1.4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.1.5 (including) 3.1.5 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.1.6 (including) 3.1.6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.1.7 (including) 3.1.7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.1.8 (including) 3.1.8 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.1.9 (including) 3.1.9 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.1.10 (including) 3.1.10 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2 (including) 3.2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2-rc2 (including) 3.2-rc2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2-rc3 (including) 3.2-rc3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2-rc4 (including) 3.2-rc4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2-rc5 (including) 3.2-rc5 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2-rc6 (including) 3.2-rc6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2-rc7 (including) 3.2-rc7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.1 (including) 3.2.1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.2 (including) 3.2.2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.3 (including) 3.2.3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.4 (including) 3.2.4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.5 (including) 3.2.5 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.6 (including) 3.2.6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.7 (including) 3.2.7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.8 (including) 3.2.8 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.9 (including) 3.2.9 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.10 (including) 3.2.10 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.11 (including) 3.2.11 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.12 (including) 3.2.12 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.13 (including) 3.2.13 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.14 (including) 3.2.14 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.15 (including) 3.2.15 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.16 (including) 3.2.16 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.17 (including) 3.2.17 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.18 (including) 3.2.18 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.19 (including) 3.2.19 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.20 (including) 3.2.20 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.21 (including) 3.2.21 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.22 (including) 3.2.22 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.23 (including) 3.2.23 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.24 (including) 3.2.24 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.25 (including) 3.2.25 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.26 (including) 3.2.26 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.27 (including) 3.2.27 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.28 (including) 3.2.28 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.29 (including) 3.2.29 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.2.30 (including) 3.2.30 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3 (including) 3.3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3-rc1 (including) 3.3-rc1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3-rc2 (including) 3.3-rc2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3-rc3 (including) 3.3-rc3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3-rc4 (including) 3.3-rc4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3-rc5 (including) 3.3-rc5 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3-rc6 (including) 3.3-rc6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3-rc7 (including) 3.3-rc7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3.1 (including) 3.3.1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3.2 (including) 3.3.2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3.3 (including) 3.3.3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3.4 (including) 3.3.4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3.5 (including) 3.3.5 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3.6 (including) 3.3.6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3.7 (including) 3.3.7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.3.8 (including) 3.3.8 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4 (including) 3.4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4-rc1 (including) 3.4-rc1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4-rc2 (including) 3.4-rc2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4-rc3 (including) 3.4-rc3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4-rc4 (including) 3.4-rc4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4-rc5 (including) 3.4-rc5 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4-rc6 (including) 3.4-rc6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4-rc7 (including) 3.4-rc7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.1 (including) 3.4.1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.2 (including) 3.4.2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.3 (including) 3.4.3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.4 (including) 3.4.4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.5 (including) 3.4.5 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.6 (including) 3.4.6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.7 (including) 3.4.7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.8 (including) 3.4.8 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.9 (including) 3.4.9 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.10 (including) 3.4.10 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.11 (including) 3.4.11 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.12 (including) 3.4.12 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.13 (including) 3.4.13 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.14 (including) 3.4.14 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.15 (including) 3.4.15 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.16 (including) 3.4.16 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.17 (including) 3.4.17 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.18 (including) 3.4.18 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.19 (including) 3.4.19 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.20 (including) 3.4.20 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.21 (including) 3.4.21 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.22 (including) 3.4.22 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.23 (including) 3.4.23 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.24 (including) 3.4.24 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.25 (including) 3.4.25 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.26 (including) 3.4.26 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.27 (including) 3.4.27 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.28 (including) 3.4.28 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.29 (including) 3.4.29 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.30 (including) 3.4.30 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.31 (including) 3.4.31 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.4.32 (including) 3.4.32 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.5.1 (including) 3.5.1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.5.2 (including) 3.5.2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.5.3 (including) 3.5.3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.5.4 (including) 3.5.4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.5.5 (including) 3.5.5 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.5.6 (including) 3.5.6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.5.7 (including) 3.5.7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.6 (including) 3.6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.6.1 (including) 3.6.1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.6.2 (including) 3.6.2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.6.3 (including) 3.6.3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.6.4 (including) 3.6.4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.6.5 (including) 3.6.5 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.6.6 (including) 3.6.6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.6.7 (including) 3.6.7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.6.8 (including) 3.6.8 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.6.9 (including) 3.6.9 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.6.10 (including) 3.6.10 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.6.11 (including) 3.6.11 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.7 (including) 3.7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.7.1 (including) 3.7.1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.7.2 (including) 3.7.2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.7.3 (including) 3.7.3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.7.4 (including) 3.7.4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.7.5 (including) 3.7.5 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.7.6 (including) 3.7.6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.7.7 (including) 3.7.7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.7.8 (including) 3.7.8 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.7.9 (including) 3.7.9 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.7.10 (including) 3.7.10 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.8.0 (including) 3.8.0 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.8.1 (including) 3.8.1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.8.2 (including) 3.8.2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.8.3 (including) 3.8.3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.8.4 (including) 3.8.4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.8.5 (including) 3.8.5 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.8.6 (including) 3.8.6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.8.7 (including) 3.8.7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.8.8 (including) 3.8.8 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9-rc1 (including) 3.9-rc1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9-rc2 (including) 3.9-rc2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9-rc3 (including) 3.9-rc3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9-rc4 (including) 3.9-rc4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9-rc5 (including) 3.9-rc5 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9-rc6 (including) 3.9-rc6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9-rc7 (including) 3.9-rc7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9.0 (including) 3.9.0 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9.1 (including) 3.9.1 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9.2 (including) 3.9.2 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9.3 (including) 3.9.3 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9.4 (including) 3.9.4 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9.5 (including) 3.9.5 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9.6 (including) 3.9.6 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9.7 (including) 3.9.7 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9.8 (including) 3.9.8 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.9.9 (including) 3.9.9 (including)
Linux_kernel Linux 3.10.0 (including) 3.10.0 (including)
Enterprise_linux Redhat 5 (including) 5 (including)
Enterprise_linux Redhat 5.0 (including) 5.0 (including)
Enterprise_linux Redhat 6.0 (including) 6.0 (including)
Enterprise_mrg Redhat 2.0 (including) 2.0 (including)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 RedHat kernel-0:2.6.18-348.16.1.el5 *
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 RedHat kernel-0:2.6.32-431.el6 *
Red Hat Enterprise MRG 2 RedHat kernel-rt-0:3.6.11.5-rt37.55.el6rt *
Linux Ubuntu lucid *
Linux Ubuntu precise *
Linux Ubuntu quantal *
Linux Ubuntu raring *
Linux Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-armadaxp Ubuntu precise *
Linux-armadaxp Ubuntu quantal *
Linux-armadaxp Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-aws Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-ec2 Ubuntu lucid *
Linux-ec2 Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-flo Ubuntu esm-apps/xenial *
Linux-flo Ubuntu trusty *
Linux-flo Ubuntu trusty/esm *
Linux-flo Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-flo Ubuntu utopic *
Linux-flo Ubuntu vivid *
Linux-flo Ubuntu vivid/stable-phone-overlay *
Linux-flo Ubuntu wily *
Linux-flo Ubuntu xenial *
Linux-flo Ubuntu yakkety *
Linux-fsl-imx51 Ubuntu lucid *
Linux-fsl-imx51 Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-gke Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-goldfish Ubuntu saucy *
Linux-goldfish Ubuntu trusty *
Linux-goldfish Ubuntu trusty/esm *
Linux-goldfish Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-grouper Ubuntu saucy *
Linux-grouper Ubuntu trusty *
Linux-grouper Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-grouper Ubuntu utopic *
Linux-hwe Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-hwe-edge Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-linaro-omap Ubuntu precise *
Linux-linaro-omap Ubuntu quantal *
Linux-linaro-omap Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-linaro-shared Ubuntu precise *
Linux-linaro-shared Ubuntu quantal *
Linux-linaro-shared Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-linaro-vexpress Ubuntu precise *
Linux-linaro-vexpress Ubuntu quantal *
Linux-linaro-vexpress Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-lts-backport-maverick Ubuntu lucid *
Linux-lts-backport-maverick Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-lts-quantal Ubuntu precise *
Linux-lts-quantal Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-lts-raring Ubuntu precise *
Linux-lts-raring Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-lts-trusty Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-lts-utopic Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-lts-vivid Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-lts-wily Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-lts-xenial Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-maguro Ubuntu saucy *
Linux-maguro Ubuntu trusty *
Linux-maguro Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-mako Ubuntu esm-apps/xenial *
Linux-mako Ubuntu saucy *
Linux-mako Ubuntu trusty *
Linux-mako Ubuntu trusty/esm *
Linux-mako Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-mako Ubuntu utopic *
Linux-mako Ubuntu vivid *
Linux-mako Ubuntu vivid/stable-phone-overlay *
Linux-mako Ubuntu wily *
Linux-mako Ubuntu xenial *
Linux-mako Ubuntu yakkety *
Linux-manta Ubuntu saucy *
Linux-manta Ubuntu trusty *
Linux-manta Ubuntu trusty/esm *
Linux-manta Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-manta Ubuntu utopic *
Linux-manta Ubuntu vivid *
Linux-manta Ubuntu wily *
Linux-mvl-dove Ubuntu lucid *
Linux-mvl-dove Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-qcm-msm Ubuntu lucid *
Linux-qcm-msm Ubuntu precise *
Linux-qcm-msm Ubuntu quantal *
Linux-qcm-msm Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-raspi2 Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-raspi2 Ubuntu vivid/ubuntu-core *
Linux-snapdragon Ubuntu upstream *
Linux-ti-omap4 Ubuntu precise *
Linux-ti-omap4 Ubuntu quantal *
Linux-ti-omap4 Ubuntu raring *
Linux-ti-omap4 Ubuntu upstream *

Extended Description

There are many different kinds of mistakes that introduce information exposures. The severity of the error can range widely, depending on the context in which the product operates, the type of sensitive information that is revealed, and the benefits it may provide to an attacker. Some kinds of sensitive information include:

Information might be sensitive to different parties, each of which may have their own expectations for whether the information should be protected. These parties include:

Information exposures can occur in different ways:

It is common practice to describe any loss of confidentiality as an “information exposure,” but this can lead to overuse of CWE-200 in CWE mapping. From the CWE perspective, loss of confidentiality is a technical impact that can arise from dozens of different weaknesses, such as insecure file permissions or out-of-bounds read. CWE-200 and its lower-level descendants are intended to cover the mistakes that occur in behaviors that explicitly manage, store, transfer, or cleanse sensitive information.

Potential Mitigations

  • Compartmentalize the system to have “safe” areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.

References