An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows Runtime improperly handles objects in memory, aka Windows Runtime Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This affects Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers.
Referencing memory after it has been freed can cause a program to crash, use unexpected values, or execute code.
| Name | Vendor | Start Version | End Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| Windows_10 | Microsoft | - (including) | - (including) |
| Windows_10 | Microsoft | 1607 (including) | 1607 (including) |
| Windows_10 | Microsoft | 1703 (including) | 1703 (including) |
| Windows_10 | Microsoft | 1709 (including) | 1709 (including) |
| Windows_10 | Microsoft | 1803 (including) | 1803 (including) |
| Windows_10 | Microsoft | 1809 (including) | 1809 (including) |
| Windows_8.1 | Microsoft | - (including) | - (including) |
| Windows_rt_8.1 | Microsoft | - (including) | - (including) |
| Windows_server_2012 | Microsoft | - (including) | - (including) |
| Windows_server_2012 | Microsoft | r2 (including) | r2 (including) |
| Windows_server_2016 | Microsoft | - (including) | - (including) |
| Windows_server_2016 | Microsoft | 1709 (including) | 1709 (including) |
| Windows_server_2016 | Microsoft | 1803 (including) | 1803 (including) |
| Windows_server_2019 | Microsoft | - (including) | - (including) |
The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system’s reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
In this scenario, the memory in question is allocated to another pointer validly at some point after it has been freed. The original pointer to the freed memory is used again and points to somewhere within the new allocation. As the data is changed, it corrupts the validly used memory; this induces undefined behavior in the process. If the newly allocated data happens to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap data. If one of these function pointers is overwritten with an address to valid shellcode, execution of arbitrary code can be achieved.