Some HTTP/2 implementations are vulnerable to a settings flood, potentially leading to a denial of service. The attacker sends a stream of SETTINGS frames to the peer. Since the RFC requires that the peer reply with one acknowledgement per SETTINGS frame, an empty SETTINGS frame is almost equivalent in behavior to a ping. Depending on how efficiently this data is queued, this can consume excess CPU, memory, or both.
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
Name | Vendor | Start Version | End Version |
---|---|---|---|
Swiftnio | Apple | 1.0.0 (including) | 1.4.0 (including) |
Red Hat AMQ | RedHat | jetty | * |
Red Hat AMQ 7.4.3 | RedHat | jetty | * |
Red Hat Data Grid 7.3.3 | RedHat | netty | * |
Red Hat Decision Manager 7 | RedHat | netty | * |
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 | RedHat | nodejs:10-8000020190911085529.f8e95b4e | * |
Red Hat Fuse 6.3 | RedHat | netty | * |
Red Hat Fuse 7.5.0 | RedHat | grpc | * |
Red Hat Fuse 7.5.0 | RedHat | netty | * |
Red Hat Fuse 7.6.0 | RedHat | undertow | * |
Red Hat JBoss EAP 7.2 | RedHat | undertow-core | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.1 EUS for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-apache-commons-beanutils-0:1.9.4-1.redhat_00002.1.ep7.el7 | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.1 EUS for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-infinispan-0:8.2.11-1.SP2_redhat_00001.1.ep7.el7 | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.1 EUS for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-jackson-databind-0:2.8.11.5-1.redhat_00001.1.ep7.el7 | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.1 EUS for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-log4j-jboss-logmanager-0:1.2.2-1.Final_redhat_00002.1.ep7.el7 | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.1 EUS for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-netty-0:4.1.45-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.ep7.el7 | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.1 EUS for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-undertow-0:1.4.18-12.SP12_redhat_00001.1.ep7.el7 | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.1 EUS for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-0:7.1.7-2.GA_redhat_00002.1.ep7.el7 | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.1 EUS for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-elytron-0:1.1.13-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.ep7.el7 | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-apache-cxf-0:3.2.10-1.redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-byte-buddy-0:1.9.11-1.redhat_00002.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-glassfish-jsf-0:2.3.5-5.SP3_redhat_00003.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-hal-console-0:3.0.17-2.Final_redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-hibernate-0:5.3.13-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-ironjacamar-0:1.4.18-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-jboss-genericjms-0:2.0.2-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-jboss-msc-0:1.4.11-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-jboss-remoting-0:5.0.16-2.Final_redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-jboss-server-migration-0:1.3.1-6.Final_redhat_00006.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-jboss-xnio-base-0:3.7.6-2.SP1_redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-picketbox-0:5.0.3-6.Final_redhat_00005.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-picketlink-bindings-0:2.5.5-20.SP12_redhat_00009.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-picketlink-federation-0:2.5.5-20.SP12_redhat_00009.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-resteasy-0:3.6.1-7.SP7_redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-undertow-0:2.0.26-2.SP3_redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-0:7.2.5-4.GA_redhat_00002.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-elytron-0:1.6.5-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-elytron-tool-0:1.4.4-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-http-client-0:1.0.17-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-openssl-0:1.0.8-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-openssl-linux-x86_64-0:1.0.8-5.Final_redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | eap7-yasson-0:1.0.5-1.redhat_00001.1.el6eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-apache-cxf-0:3.2.10-1.redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-byte-buddy-0:1.9.11-1.redhat_00002.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-glassfish-jsf-0:2.3.5-5.SP3_redhat_00003.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-hal-console-0:3.0.17-2.Final_redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-hibernate-0:5.3.13-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-ironjacamar-0:1.4.18-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-jboss-genericjms-0:2.0.2-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-jboss-msc-0:1.4.11-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-jboss-remoting-0:5.0.16-2.Final_redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-jboss-server-migration-0:1.3.1-6.Final_redhat_00006.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-jboss-xnio-base-0:3.7.6-2.SP1_redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-picketbox-0:5.0.3-6.Final_redhat_00005.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-picketlink-bindings-0:2.5.5-20.SP12_redhat_00009.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-picketlink-federation-0:2.5.5-20.SP12_redhat_00009.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-resteasy-0:3.6.1-7.SP7_redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-undertow-0:2.0.26-2.SP3_redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-0:7.2.5-4.GA_redhat_00002.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-elytron-0:1.6.5-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-elytron-tool-0:1.4.4-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-http-client-0:1.0.17-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-openssl-0:1.0.8-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-openssl-linux-x86_64-0:1.0.8-5.Final_redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | eap7-yasson-0:1.0.5-1.redhat_00001.1.el7eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-apache-cxf-0:3.2.10-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-byte-buddy-0:1.9.11-1.redhat_00002.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-glassfish-jsf-0:2.3.5-5.SP3_redhat_00003.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-hal-console-0:3.0.17-2.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-hibernate-0:5.3.13-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-ironjacamar-0:1.4.18-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-jboss-genericjms-0:2.0.2-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-jboss-msc-0:1.4.11-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-jboss-remoting-0:5.0.16-2.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-jboss-server-migration-0:1.3.1-6.Final_redhat_00006.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-jboss-xnio-base-0:3.7.6-2.SP1_redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-picketbox-0:5.0.3-6.Final_redhat_00005.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-picketlink-bindings-0:2.5.5-20.SP12_redhat_00009.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-picketlink-federation-0:2.5.5-20.SP12_redhat_00009.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-resteasy-0:3.6.1-7.SP7_redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-undertow-0:2.0.26-2.SP3_redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-0:7.2.5-4.GA_redhat_00002.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-elytron-0:1.6.5-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-elytron-tool-0:1.4.4-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-http-client-0:1.0.17-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-openssl-0:1.0.8-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-wildfly-openssl-linux-x86_64-0:1.0.8-5.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | eap7-yasson-0:1.0.5-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap | * |
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Continuous Delivery | RedHat | * | |
Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.1 | RedHat | openshift4/ose-multus-cni:v4.1.15-201909041605 | * |
Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.1 | RedHat | openshift4/ose-operator-lifecycle-manager:v4.1.15-201909041605 | * |
Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.1 | RedHat | openshift4/ose-operator-registry:v4.1.15-201909041605 | * |
Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.1 | RedHat | openshift4/ose-sriov-network-device-plugin:v4.1.18-201909201915 | * |
Red Hat OpenStack Platform 14.0 (Rocky) | RedHat | skydive-0:0.20.5-2.el7ost | * |
Red Hat Process Automation 7 | RedHat | netty | * |
Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.3 | RedHat | netty | * |
Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.3 for RHEL 6 | RedHat | rh-sso7-keycloak-0:4.8.15-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el6sso | * |
Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.3 for RHEL 7 | RedHat | rh-sso7-keycloak-0:4.8.15-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el7sso | * |
Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.3 for RHEL 8 | RedHat | rh-sso7-keycloak-0:4.8.15-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8sso | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 | RedHat | rh-nodejs10-0:3.2-3.el7 | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 | RedHat | rh-nodejs10-nodejs-0:10.16.3-3.el7 | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 | RedHat | rh-nodejs8-0:3.0-5.el7 | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 | RedHat | rh-nodejs8-nodejs-0:8.16.1-2.el7 | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.5 EUS | RedHat | rh-nodejs10-0:3.2-3.el7 | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.5 EUS | RedHat | rh-nodejs10-nodejs-0:10.16.3-3.el7 | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.5 EUS | RedHat | rh-nodejs8-0:3.0-5.el7 | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.5 EUS | RedHat | rh-nodejs8-nodejs-0:8.16.1-2.el7 | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6 EUS | RedHat | rh-nodejs10-0:3.2-3.el7 | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6 EUS | RedHat | rh-nodejs10-nodejs-0:10.16.3-3.el7 | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6 EUS | RedHat | rh-nodejs8-0:3.0-5.el7 | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6 EUS | RedHat | rh-nodejs8-nodejs-0:8.16.1-2.el7 | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.7 EUS | RedHat | rh-nodejs10-0:3.2-3.el7 | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.7 EUS | RedHat | rh-nodejs10-nodejs-0:10.16.3-3.el7 | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.7 EUS | RedHat | rh-nodejs8-0:3.0-5.el7 | * |
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.7 EUS | RedHat | rh-nodejs8-nodejs-0:8.16.1-2.el7 | * |
Text-Only RHOAR | RedHat | * | |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | cosmic | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | devel | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | disco | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | eoan | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | esm-apps/bionic | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | esm-apps/focal | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | esm-apps/jammy | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | esm-apps/noble | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | esm-apps/xenial | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | focal | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | groovy | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | hirsute | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | impish | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | kinetic | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | lunar | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | mantic | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | noble | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | oracular | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | plucky | * |
Golang-google-grpc | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | cosmic | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | devel | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | disco | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | eoan | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | esm-apps/bionic | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | esm-apps/focal | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | esm-apps/jammy | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | esm-apps/noble | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | esm-apps/xenial | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | focal | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | groovy | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | hirsute | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | impish | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | kinetic | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | lunar | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | mantic | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | noble | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | oracular | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | plucky | * |
Grpc | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
H2o | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
H2o | Ubuntu | disco | * |
H2o | Ubuntu | esm-apps/bionic | * |
H2o | Ubuntu | trusty | * |
H2o | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
Netty | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
Netty | Ubuntu | cosmic | * |
Netty | Ubuntu | disco | * |
Netty | Ubuntu | eoan | * |
Netty | Ubuntu | esm-apps/bionic | * |
Netty | Ubuntu | groovy | * |
Netty | Ubuntu | hirsute | * |
Netty | Ubuntu | impish | * |
Netty | Ubuntu | kinetic | * |
Netty | Ubuntu | lunar | * |
Netty | Ubuntu | mantic | * |
Netty | Ubuntu | trusty | * |
Netty | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
Nginx | Ubuntu | trusty | * |
Trafficserver | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
Trafficserver | Ubuntu | cosmic | * |
Trafficserver | Ubuntu | disco | * |
Trafficserver | Ubuntu | esm-apps/bionic | * |
Trafficserver | Ubuntu | trusty | * |
Trafficserver | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | cosmic | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | devel | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | disco | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | eoan | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | focal | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | groovy | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | hirsute | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | impish | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | kinetic | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | lunar | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | mantic | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | noble | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | oracular | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | plucky | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | trusty | * |
Twisted | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute – and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.