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CVE-2021-27196

Improper Input Validation

Published: Jun 14, 2021 | Modified: Nov 21, 2024
CVSS 3.x
7.5
HIGH
Source:
NVD
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CVSS 2.x
5 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P
RedHat/V2
RedHat/V3
Ubuntu
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Additional information
NVDhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27196
CWEhttps://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/20.html

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Hitachi ABB Power Grids Relion 670 Series, Relion 670/650 Series, Relion 670/650/SAM600-IO, Relion 650, REB500, RTU500 Series, FOX615 (TEGO1), MSM, GMS600, PWC600 allows an attacker with access to the IEC 61850 network with knowledge of how to reproduce the attack, as well as the IP addresses of the different IEC 61850 access points (of IEDs/products), to force the device to reboot, which renders the device inoperable for approximately 60 seconds. This vulnerability affects only products with IEC 61850 interfaces. This issue affects: Hitachi ABB Power Grids Relion 670 Series 1.1; 1.2.3 versions prior to 1.2.3.20; 2.0 versions prior to 2.0.0.13; 2.1; 2.2.2 versions prior to 2.2.2.3; 2.2.3 versions prior to 2.2.3.2. Hitachi ABB Power Grids Relion 670/650 Series 2.2.0 versions prior to 2.2.0.13. Hitachi ABB Power Grids Relion 670/650/SAM600-IO 2.2.1 versions prior to 2.2.1.6. Hitachi ABB Power Grids Relion 650 1.1; 1.2; 1.3 versions prior to 1.3.0.7. Hitachi ABB Power Grids REB500 7.3; 7.4; 7.5; 7.6; 8.2; 8.3. Hitachi ABB Power Grids RTU500 Series 7.x version 7.x and prior versions; 8.x version 8.x and prior versions; 9.x version 9.x and prior versions; 10.x version 10.x and prior versions; 11.x version 11.x and prior versions; 12.x version 12.x and prior versions. Hitachi ABB Power Grids FOX615 (TEGO1) R1D02 version R1D02 and prior versions. Hitachi ABB Power Grids MSM 2.1.0 versions prior to 2.1.0. Hitachi ABB Power Grids GMS600 1.3.0 version 1.3.0 and prior versions. Hitachi ABB Power Grids PWC600 1.0 versions prior to 1.0.1.4; 1.1 versions prior to 1.1.0.1.

Weakness

The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.

Affected Software

Name Vendor Start Version End Version
Relion_670_firmware Hitachienergy 1.2.3 (including) 1.2.3.20 (excluding)
Relion_670_firmware Hitachienergy 2.0 (including) 2.0.0.13 (excluding)
Relion_670_firmware Hitachienergy 2.2.0 (including) 2.2.0.13 (excluding)
Relion_670_firmware Hitachienergy 2.2.1 (including) 2.2.1.6 (excluding)
Relion_670_firmware Hitachienergy 2.2.2 (including) 2.2.2.3 (excluding)
Relion_670_firmware Hitachienergy 2.2.3 (including) 2.2.3.2 (excluding)
Relion_670_firmware Hitachienergy 1.1 (including) 1.1 (including)
Relion_670_firmware Hitachienergy 2.1 (including) 2.1 (including)

Extended Description

Input validation is a frequently-used technique for checking potentially dangerous inputs in order to ensure that the inputs are safe for processing within the code, or when communicating with other components. Input can consist of:

Data can be simple or structured. Structured data can be composed of many nested layers, composed of combinations of metadata and raw data, with other simple or structured data. Many properties of raw data or metadata may need to be validated upon entry into the code, such as:

Implied or derived properties of data must often be calculated or inferred by the code itself. Errors in deriving properties may be considered a contributing factor to improper input validation.

Potential Mitigations

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an “accept known good” input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, “boat” may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as “red” or “blue.”
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code’s environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
  • Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application’s current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
  • Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.

References

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