CVE-2021-30860

An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2021-005 Catalina, iOS 14.8 and iPadOS 14.8, macOS Big Sur 11.6, watchOS 7.6.2. Processing a maliciously crafted PDF may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.

Weakness

The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound, when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This can introduce other weaknesses when the calculation is used for resource management or execution control.

Affected Software

Potential Mitigations

• Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
• If possible, choose a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
• Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
• Use libraries or frameworks that make it easier to handle numbers without unexpected consequences.
• Examples include safe integer handling packages such as SafeInt (C++) or IntegerLib (C or C++). [REF-106]
• Perform input validation on any numeric input by ensuring that it is within the expected range. Enforce that the input meets both the minimum and maximum requirements for the expected range.
• Use unsigned integers where possible. This makes it easier to perform validation for integer overflows. When signed integers are required, ensure that the range check includes minimum values as well as maximum values.
• Understand the programming language’s underlying representation and how it interacts with numeric calculation (CWE-681). Pay close attention to byte size discrepancies, precision, signed/unsigned distinctions, truncation, conversion and casting between types, “not-a-number” calculations, and how the language handles numbers that are too large or too small for its underlying representation. [REF-7]
• Also be careful to account for 32-bit, 64-bit, and other potential differences that may affect the numeric representation.

Related Attack Patterns

• https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/92.html

References

• http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Sep/25
• http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Sep/26
• http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Sep/27
• http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Sep/28
• http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Sep/38
• http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Sep/39
• http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Sep/40
• http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Sep/50
• http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/09/02/11
• https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202209-21
• https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212804
• https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212805
• https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212806
• https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212807
• https://support.apple.com/kb/HT212824