In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
pstore/ram: Fix crash when setting number of cpus to an odd number
When the number of cpu cores is adjusted to 7 or other odd numbers, the zone size will become an odd number. The address of the zone will become: addr of zone0 = BASE addr of zone1 = BASE + zone_size addr of zone2 = BASE + zone_size*2 … The address of zone1/3/5/7 will be mapped to non-alignment va. Eventually crashes will occur when accessing these va.
So, use ALIGN_DOWN() to make sure the zone size is even to avoid this bug.
| Name | Vendor | Start Version | End Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 | RedHat | kernel-rt-0:4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10 | * |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 | RedHat | kernel-0:4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10 | * |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Extended Update Support | RedHat | kernel-0:4.18.0-477.70.1.el8_8 | * |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 | RedHat | kernel-0:5.14.0-503.11.1.el9_5 | * |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 | RedHat | kernel-0:5.14.0-503.11.1.el9_5 | * |
| Linux | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux | Ubuntu | esm-infra-legacy/trusty | * |
| Linux | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux | Ubuntu | esm-infra/xenial | * |
| Linux | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux | Ubuntu | mantic | * |
| Linux | Ubuntu | trusty | * |
| Linux | Ubuntu | trusty/esm | * |
| Linux | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-allwinner-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-allwinner-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-aws | Ubuntu | esm-infra-legacy/trusty | * |
| Linux-aws | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-aws | Ubuntu | esm-infra/xenial | * |
| Linux-aws | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-aws | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-aws | Ubuntu | mantic | * |
| Linux-aws | Ubuntu | trusty | * |
| Linux-aws | Ubuntu | trusty/esm | * |
| Linux-aws | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-aws-5.0 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-aws-5.0 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-aws-5.0 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-5.11 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-aws-5.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-5.13 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-aws-5.13 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-5.15 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-aws-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-aws-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-5.3 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-aws-5.3 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-aws-5.3 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-5.4 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-aws-5.4 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-aws-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-5.8 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-aws-5.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-aws-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-aws-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-fips | Ubuntu | fips-preview/jammy | * |
| Linux-aws-fips | Ubuntu | fips-updates/bionic | * |
| Linux-aws-fips | Ubuntu | fips-updates/focal | * |
| Linux-aws-fips | Ubuntu | fips-updates/jammy | * |
| Linux-aws-fips | Ubuntu | fips/bionic | * |
| Linux-aws-fips | Ubuntu | fips/focal | * |
| Linux-aws-fips | Ubuntu | trusty | * |
| Linux-aws-fips | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-fips | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-aws-hwe | Ubuntu | esm-infra/xenial | * |
| Linux-aws-hwe | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-hwe | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | esm-infra-legacy/trusty | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | esm-infra/xenial | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | mantic | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | trusty | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | trusty/esm | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-azure-4.15 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-azure-4.15 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-azure-4.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-5.11 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-azure-5.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-5.13 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-azure-5.13 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-5.15 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-azure-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-azure-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-5.3 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-azure-5.3 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-azure-5.3 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-5.4 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-azure-5.4 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-azure-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-5.8 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-azure-5.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-azure-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-azure-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-edge | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-azure-edge | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-azure-edge | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-fde | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-azure-fde | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-azure-fde | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-5.15 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-fips | Ubuntu | fips-preview/jammy | * |
| Linux-azure-fips | Ubuntu | fips-updates/bionic | * |
| Linux-azure-fips | Ubuntu | fips-updates/focal | * |
| Linux-azure-fips | Ubuntu | fips-updates/jammy | * |
| Linux-azure-fips | Ubuntu | fips/bionic | * |
| Linux-azure-fips | Ubuntu | fips/focal | * |
| Linux-azure-fips | Ubuntu | trusty | * |
| Linux-azure-fips | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-fips | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-bluefield | Ubuntu | bluefield/jammy | * |
| Linux-bluefield | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-bluefield | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-fips | Ubuntu | fips-preview/jammy | * |
| Linux-fips | Ubuntu | fips-updates/bionic | * |
| Linux-fips | Ubuntu | fips-updates/focal | * |
| Linux-fips | Ubuntu | fips-updates/jammy | * |
| Linux-fips | Ubuntu | fips-updates/xenial | * |
| Linux-fips | Ubuntu | fips/bionic | * |
| Linux-fips | Ubuntu | fips/focal | * |
| Linux-fips | Ubuntu | fips/xenial | * |
| Linux-fips | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-gcp | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-gcp | Ubuntu | esm-infra/xenial | * |
| Linux-gcp | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gcp | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-gcp | Ubuntu | mantic | * |
| Linux-gcp | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-gcp-4.15 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-gcp-4.15 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-gcp-4.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.11 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.13 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.13 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.15 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.3 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.3 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.3 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.4 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.4 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.8 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-fips | Ubuntu | fips-preview/jammy | * |
| Linux-gcp-fips | Ubuntu | fips-updates/bionic | * |
| Linux-gcp-fips | Ubuntu | fips-updates/focal | * |
| Linux-gcp-fips | Ubuntu | fips-updates/jammy | * |
| Linux-gcp-fips | Ubuntu | fips/bionic | * |
| Linux-gcp-fips | Ubuntu | fips/focal | * |
| Linux-gcp-fips | Ubuntu | trusty | * |
| Linux-gcp-fips | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-fips | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-gke | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gke | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-gke | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gke | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-gke-4.15 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-gke-4.15 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-gke-4.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gke-5.15 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gke-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gke-5.4 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-gke-5.4 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-gke-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gkeop | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gkeop | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-gkeop | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gkeop-5.15 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gkeop-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gkeop-5.4 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-gkeop-5.4 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-gkeop-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-hwe | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-hwe | Ubuntu | esm-infra/xenial | * |
| Linux-hwe | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.11 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.13 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.13 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.15 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.4 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.4 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.8 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-edge | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-hwe-edge | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-hwe-edge | Ubuntu | esm-infra/xenial | * |
| Linux-hwe-edge | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-edge | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-ibm | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-ibm | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-ibm | Ubuntu | mantic | * |
| Linux-ibm | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-ibm-5.15 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-ibm-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-ibm-5.4 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-ibm-5.4 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-ibm-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-intel | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-intel-5.13 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-intel-5.13 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-intel-iot-realtime | Ubuntu | realtime/jammy | * |
| Linux-intel-iot-realtime | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-intel-iotg | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-intel-iotg | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-intel-iotg-5.15 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-intel-iotg-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-iot | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-iot | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-kvm | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-kvm | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-kvm | Ubuntu | esm-infra/xenial | * |
| Linux-kvm | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-kvm | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-kvm | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-kvm | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-laptop | Ubuntu | mantic | * |
| Linux-laptop | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-lowlatency | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-lowlatency | Ubuntu | mantic | * |
| Linux-lowlatency | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-lts-xenial | Ubuntu | esm-infra-legacy/trusty | * |
| Linux-lts-xenial | Ubuntu | trusty | * |
| Linux-lts-xenial | Ubuntu | trusty/esm | * |
| Linux-lts-xenial | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-nvidia | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-nvidia-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-nvidia-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia-lowlatency | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-oem | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-oem | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-oem-5.10 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oem-5.10 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-5.13 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oem-5.13 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-5.14 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oem-5.14 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-5.17 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-oem-5.17 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-5.6 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oem-5.6 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-6.0 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-oem-6.0 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-6.1 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-oem-6.1 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-oem-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-oracle | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-oracle | Ubuntu | esm-infra/xenial | * |
| Linux-oracle | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oracle | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-oracle | Ubuntu | mantic | * |
| Linux-oracle | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.0 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.0 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.0 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.11 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.13 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.13 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.15 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.3 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.3 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.3 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.4 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.4 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.8 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-oracle-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-raspi | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-raspi | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-raspi | Ubuntu | mantic | * |
| Linux-raspi | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-raspi-5.4 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-raspi-5.4 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-raspi-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-raspi-realtime | Ubuntu | realtime/noble | * |
| Linux-raspi-realtime | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-raspi2 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-raspi2 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-raspi2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-raspi2 | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-realtime | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-realtime | Ubuntu | realtime/jammy | * |
| Linux-realtime | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-riscv | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-riscv | Ubuntu | mantic | * |
| Linux-riscv | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.11 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.15 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.8 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-riscv-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-starfive | Ubuntu | mantic | * |
| Linux-starfive | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-starfive-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-starfive-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-starfive-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-starfive-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-starfive-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-starfive-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-xilinx-zynqmp | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-xilinx-zynqmp | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-xilinx-zynqmp | Ubuntu | upstream | * |