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CVE-2025-20142

Improper Input Validation

Published: Mar 12, 2025 | Modified: Aug 01, 2025
CVSS 3.x
N/A
Source:
NVD
CVSS 2.x
RedHat/V2
RedHat/V3
Ubuntu
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Additional information
NVDhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20142
CWEhttps://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/20.html

A vulnerability in the IPv4 access control list (ACL) feature and quality of service (QoS) policy feature of Cisco IOS XR Software for Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Routers, ASR 9902 Compact High-Performance Routers, and ASR 9903 Compact High-Performance Routers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a line card to reset, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition.

This vulnerability is due to the incorrect handling of malformed IPv4 packets that are received on line cards where the interface has either an IPv4 ACL or QoS policy applied. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted IPv4 packets through an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause network processor errors, resulting in a reset or shutdown of the network process. Traffic over that line card would be lost while the line card reloads. Note: This vulnerability has predominantly been observed in Layer 2 VPN (L2VPN) environments where an IPv4 ACL or QoS policy has been applied to the bridge virtual interface. Layer 3 configurations where the interface has either an IPv4 ACL or QoS policy applied are also affected, though the vulnerability has not been observed.

Weakness

The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.

Affected Software

Name Vendor Start Version End Version
Ios_xr Cisco 6.7.2 (including) 6.7.2 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 6.7.3 (including) 6.7.3 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 6.7.35 (including) 6.7.35 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 6.8.1 (including) 6.8.1 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 6.8.2 (including) 6.8.2 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 6.9.1 (including) 6.9.1 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 6.9.2 (including) 6.9.2 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.1.2 (including) 7.1.2 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.1.3 (including) 7.1.3 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.1.15 (including) 7.1.15 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.1.25 (including) 7.1.25 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.3.1 (including) 7.3.1 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.3.2 (including) 7.3.2 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.3.3 (including) 7.3.3 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.3.4 (including) 7.3.4 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.3.5 (including) 7.3.5 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.4.1 (including) 7.4.1 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.4.2 (including) 7.4.2 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.5.1 (including) 7.5.1 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.5.2 (including) 7.5.2 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.5.3 (including) 7.5.3 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.5.4 (including) 7.5.4 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.5.5 (including) 7.5.5 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.6.1 (including) 7.6.1 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.6.2 (including) 7.6.2 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.7.1 (including) 7.7.1 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.7.2 (including) 7.7.2 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.8.1 (including) 7.8.1 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.8.2 (including) 7.8.2 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.8.22 (including) 7.8.22 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.8.23 (including) 7.8.23 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.9.1 (including) 7.9.1 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.9.2 (including) 7.9.2 (including)
Ios_xr Cisco 7.10.1 (including) 7.10.1 (including)

Extended Description

Input validation is a frequently-used technique for checking potentially dangerous inputs in order to ensure that the inputs are safe for processing within the code, or when communicating with other components. Input can consist of:

Data can be simple or structured. Structured data can be composed of many nested layers, composed of combinations of metadata and raw data, with other simple or structured data. Many properties of raw data or metadata may need to be validated upon entry into the code, such as:

Implied or derived properties of data must often be calculated or inferred by the code itself. Errors in deriving properties may be considered a contributing factor to improper input validation.

Potential Mitigations

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an “accept known good” input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, “boat” may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as “red” or “blue.”
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code’s environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
  • Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application’s current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
  • Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.

References

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