CVE-2025-37858

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

fs/jfs: Prevent integer overflow in AG size calculation

The JFS filesystem calculates allocation group (AG) size using 1 « l2agsize in dbExtendFS(). When l2agsize exceeds 31 (possible with >2TB aggregates on 32-bit systems), this 32-bit shift operation causes undefined behavior and improper AG sizing.

On 32-bit architectures:

• Left-shifting 1 by 32+ bits results in 0 due to integer overflow
• This creates invalid AG sizes (0 or garbage values) in sbi->bmap->db_agsize
• Subsequent block allocations would reference invalid AG structures
• Could lead to:
  • Filesystem corruption during extend operations
  • Kernel crashes due to invalid memory accesses
  • Security vulnerabilities via malformed on-disk structures

Fix by casting to s64 before shifting: bmp->db_agsize = (s64)1 « l2agsize;

This ensures 64-bit arithmetic even on 32-bit architectures. The cast matches the data type of db_agsize (s64) and follows similar patterns in JFS block calculation code.

Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.

Weakness

The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.

Affected Software

Potential Mitigations

• Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
• If possible, choose a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
• Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
• Use libraries or frameworks that make it easier to handle numbers without unexpected consequences.
• Examples include safe integer handling packages such as SafeInt (C++) or IntegerLib (C or C++). [REF-106]
• Perform input validation on any numeric input by ensuring that it is within the expected range. Enforce that the input meets both the minimum and maximum requirements for the expected range.
• Use unsigned integers where possible. This makes it easier to perform validation for integer overflows. When signed integers are required, ensure that the range check includes minimum values as well as maximum values.
• Understand the programming language’s underlying representation and how it interacts with numeric calculation (CWE-681). Pay close attention to byte size discrepancies, precision, signed/unsigned distinctions, truncation, conversion and casting between types, “not-a-number” calculations, and how the language handles numbers that are too large or too small for its underlying representation. [REF-7]
• Also be careful to account for 32-bit, 64-bit, and other potential differences that may affect the numeric representation.

Related Attack Patterns

• https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/92.html

References

• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/211ed8f5e39e61f9e4d18edd64ce8005a67a1b2a
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d8a45f87010a802aa214bf39702ca9d99cbf3ba
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/55edbf5dbf60a8195c21e92124c4028939ae16b2
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7ccf3b35274512b60ecb614e0637e76bd6f2d829
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7fcbf789629cdb9fbf4e2172ce31136cfed11e5e
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8bb29629a5e4090e1ef7199cb42db04a52802239
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c802a6a4009f585111f903e810b3be9c6d0da329
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd07a985e2ded47b6c7d69fc93c1fe02977c8454
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec34cdf4f917cc6abd306cf091f8b8361fedac88
• https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html
• https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html