CVE-2026-43161

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

iommu/vt-d: Skip dev-iotlb flush for inaccessible PCIe device without scalable mode

PCIe endpoints with ATS enabled and passed through to userspace (e.g., QEMU, DPDK) can hard-lock the host when their link drops, either by surprise removal or by a link fault.

Commit 4fc82cd907ac (iommu/vt-d: Dont issue ATS Invalidation request when device is disconnected) adds pci_dev_is_disconnected() to devtlb_invalidation_with_pasid() so ATS invalidation is skipped only when the device is being safely removed, but it applies only when Intel IOMMU scalable mode is enabled.

With scalable mode disabled or unsupported, a system hard-lock occurs when a PCIe endpoints link drops because the Intel IOMMU waits indefinitely for an ATS invalidation that cannot complete.

Call Trace: qi_submit_sync qi_flush_dev_iotlb __context_flush_dev_iotlb.part.0 domain_context_clear_one_cb pci_for_each_dma_alias device_block_translation blocking_domain_attach_dev iommu_deinit_device __iommu_group_remove_device iommu_release_device iommu_bus_notifier blocking_notifier_call_chain bus_notify device_del pci_remove_bus_device pci_stop_and_remove_bus_device pciehp_unconfigure_device pciehp_disable_slot pciehp_handle_presence_or_link_change pciehp_ist

Commit 81e921fd3216 (iommu/vt-d: Fix NULL domain on device release) adds intel_pasid_teardown_sm_context() to intel_iommu_release_device(), which calls qi_flush_dev_iotlb() and can also hard-lock the system when a PCIe endpoints link drops.

Call Trace: qi_submit_sync qi_flush_dev_iotlb __context_flush_dev_iotlb.part.0 intel_context_flush_no_pasid device_pasid_table_teardown pci_pasid_table_teardown pci_for_each_dma_alias intel_pasid_teardown_sm_context intel_iommu_release_device iommu_deinit_device __iommu_group_remove_device iommu_release_device iommu_bus_notifier blocking_notifier_call_chain bus_notify device_del pci_remove_bus_device pci_stop_and_remove_bus_device pciehp_unconfigure_device pciehp_disable_slot pciehp_handle_presence_or_link_change pciehp_ist

Sometimes the endpoint loses connection without a link-down event (e.g., due to a link fault); killing the process (virsh destroy) then hard-locks the host.

Call Trace: qi_submit_sync qi_flush_dev_iotlb __context_flush_dev_iotlb.part.0 domain_context_clear_one_cb pci_for_each_dma_alias device_block_translation blocking_domain_attach_dev __iommu_attach_device __iommu_device_set_domain __iommu_group_set_domain_internal iommu_detach_group vfio_iommu_type1_detach_group vfio_group_detach_container vfio_group_fops_release __fput

pci_dev_is_disconnected() only covers safe-removal paths; pci_device_is_present() tests accessibility by reading vendor/device IDs and internally calls pci_dev_is_disconnected(). On a ConnectX-5 (8 GT/s, x2) this costs ~70 µs.

Since __context_flush_dev_iotlb() is only called on {attach,release}_dev paths (not hot), add pci_device_is_present() there to skip inaccessible devices and avoid the hard-lock.

Affected Software

References

• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/42662d19839f34735b718129ea200e3734b07e50
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/48b3f08e68b29a79527869cdde7298ca2a9b9646
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc0490ad9edf5c6f98e39fbbee2877b85261a5ae
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e70d5feb10c5ba2bbf7ca400b8f39a2f82d653e8