CVE-2026-45933

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf: Preserve id of register in sync_linked_regs()

sync_linked_regs() copies the id of known_reg to reg when propagating bounds of known_reg to reg using the off of known_reg, but when known_reg was linked to reg like:

known_reg = reg ; both known_reg and reg get same id known_reg += 4 ; known_reg gets off = 4, and its id gets BPF_ADD_CONST

now when a call to sync_linked_regs() happens, lets say with the following:

if known_reg >= 10 goto pc+2

known_regs new bounds are propagated to reg but now reg gets BPF_ADD_CONST from the copy.

This means if another link to reg is created like:

another_reg = reg ; another_reg should get the id of reg but assign_scalar_id_before_mov() sees BPF_ADD_CONST on reg and assigns a new id to it.

As reg has a new id now, known_regs link to reg is broken. If we find new bounds for known_reg, they will not be propagated to reg.

This can be seen in the selftest added in the next commit:

0: (85) call bpf_get_prandom_u32#7 ; R0=scalar() 1: (57) r0 &= 255 ; R0=scalar(smin=smin32=0,smax=umax=smax32=umax32=255,var_off=(0x0; 0xff)) 2: (bf) r1 = r0 ; R0=scalar(id=1,smin=smin32=0,smax=umax=smax32=umax32=255,var_off=(0x0; 0xff)) R1=scalar(id=1,smin=smin32=0,smax=umax=smax32=umax32=255,var_off=(0x0; 0xff)) 3: (07) r1 += 4 ; R1=scalar(id=1+4,smin=umin=smin32=umin32=4,smax=umax=smax32=umax32=259,var_off=(0x0; 0x1ff)) 4: (a5) if r1 < 0xa goto pc+4 ; R1=scalar(id=1+4,smin=umin=smin32=umin32=10,smax=umax=smax32=umax32=259,var_off=(0x0; 0x1ff)) 5: (bf) r2 = r0 ; R0=scalar(id=2,smin=umin=smin32=umin32=6,smax=umax=smax32=umax32=255) R2=scalar(id=2,smin=umin=smin32=umin32=6,smax=umax=smax32=umax32=255) 6: (a5) if r1 < 0xe goto pc+2 ; R1=scalar(id=1+4,smin=umin=smin32=umin32=14,smax=umax=smax32=umax32=259,var_off=(0x0; 0x1ff)) 7: (35) if r0 >= 0xa goto pc+1 ; R0=scalar(id=2,smin=umin=smin32=umin32=6,smax=umax=smax32=umax32=9,var_off=(0x0; 0xf)) 8: (37) r0 /= 0 div by zero

When 4 is verified, r1s bounds are propagated to r0 but r0 also gets BPF_ADD_CONST (bug). When 5 is verified, r0 gets a new id (2) and its link with r1 is broken.

After 6 we know r1 has bounds [14, 259] and therefore r0 should have bounds [10, 255], therefore the branch at 7 is always taken. But because r0s id was changed to 2, r1s new bounds are not propagated to r0. The verifier still thinks r0 has bounds [6, 255] before 7 and execution can reach div by zero.

Fix this by preserving id in sync_linked_regs() like off and subreg_def.

Affected Software

References

• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/58059335e46537de682db84984f7716c813208c4
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65d114b5270b62aefb820ecd6c3b7caeea8f895d
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92a8cb1806adefb263cf096eab6705705cf7eee1
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/af9e89d8dd39530c8bd14c33ddf6b502df1071b6