CVE Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-64355

Out-of-bounds Read

Published: Jul 25, 2026 | Modified: Sep 04, 2026
CVSS 3.x
N/A
Source:
NVD
CVSS 2.x
RedHat/V2
RedHat/V3
7 MODERATE
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Ubuntu
LOW
root.io logo minimus.io logo echo.ai logo

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf: Reject fragmented frames in devmap

Devmap broadcast redirects clone the packet for all but the last destination.

For native XDP, that clone path copies only the linear xdp_frame data, while fragmented frames keep skb_shared_info in tailroom outside the linear area. Cloning such a frame leaves XDP_FLAGS_HAS_FRAGS set but without valid frag metadata, and the later free path can interpret uninitialized tail data as skb_shared_info, leading to an out-of-bounds access during frame return.

Reject fragmented native XDP frames in dev_map_enqueue_clone().

Add the same restriction to the generic XDP clone path in dev_map_redirect_clone(). Generic XDP represents fragmented packets as nonlinear skbs, and rejecting them here keeps clone-based broadcast support aligned between native and generic XDP.

Weakness

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

Affected Software

NameVendorStart VersionEnd Version
Linux_kernelLinux5.14 (including)5.15.212 (excluding)
Linux_kernelLinux5.16 (including)6.1.178 (excluding)
Linux_kernelLinux6.2 (including)6.6.145 (excluding)
Linux_kernelLinux6.7 (including)6.12.96 (excluding)
Linux_kernelLinux6.13 (including)6.18.39 (excluding)
Linux_kernelLinux6.19 (including)7.1.4 (excluding)
LinuxUbuntujammy*
LinuxUbuntunoble*
LinuxUbunturesolute*
LinuxUbuntuupstream*
Linux-allwinner-5.19Ubuntujammy*
Linux-allwinner-5.19Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-awsUbuntujammy*
Linux-awsUbuntunoble*
Linux-awsUbunturesolute*
Linux-awsUbuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-5.0Ubuntubionic*
Linux-aws-5.0Ubuntuesm-infra/bionic*
Linux-aws-5.0Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-5.11Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-aws-5.11Ubuntufocal*
Linux-aws-5.11Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-5.13Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-aws-5.13Ubuntufocal*
Linux-aws-5.13Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-5.15Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-aws-5.15Ubuntufocal*
Linux-aws-5.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-5.19Ubuntujammy*
Linux-aws-5.19Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-5.3Ubuntubionic*
Linux-aws-5.3Ubuntuesm-infra/bionic*
Linux-aws-5.3Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-5.4Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-5.8Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-aws-5.8Ubuntufocal*
Linux-aws-5.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-6.14Ubuntunoble*
Linux-aws-6.14Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-6.17Ubuntunoble*
Linux-aws-6.17Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-6.2Ubuntujammy*
Linux-aws-6.2Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-6.5Ubuntujammy*
Linux-aws-6.5Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-6.8Ubuntujammy*
Linux-aws-6.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-7.0Ubuntunoble*
Linux-aws-7.0Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-fipsUbuntufips-preview/jammy*
Linux-aws-fipsUbuntufips-updates/jammy*
Linux-aws-fipsUbuntufips-updates/noble*
Linux-aws-fipsUbuntuupstream*
Linux-aws-hweUbuntuupstream*
Linux-azureUbuntubionic*
Linux-azureUbuntuesm-infra/bionic*
Linux-azureUbuntujammy*
Linux-azureUbuntunoble*
Linux-azureUbunturesolute*
Linux-azureUbuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-4.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-5.11Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-azure-5.11Ubuntufocal*
Linux-azure-5.11Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-5.13Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-azure-5.13Ubuntufocal*
Linux-azure-5.13Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-5.15Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-azure-5.15Ubuntufocal*
Linux-azure-5.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-5.19Ubuntujammy*
Linux-azure-5.19Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-5.3Ubuntubionic*
Linux-azure-5.3Ubuntuesm-infra/bionic*
Linux-azure-5.3Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-5.4Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-5.8Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-azure-5.8Ubuntufocal*
Linux-azure-5.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-6.11Ubuntunoble*
Linux-azure-6.11Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-6.14Ubuntunoble*
Linux-azure-6.14Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-6.17Ubuntunoble*
Linux-azure-6.17Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-6.2Ubuntujammy*
Linux-azure-6.2Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-6.5Ubuntujammy*
Linux-azure-6.5Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-6.8Ubuntujammy*
Linux-azure-6.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-7.0Ubuntunoble*
Linux-azure-7.0Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-edgeUbuntubionic*
Linux-azure-edgeUbuntuesm-infra/bionic*
Linux-azure-edgeUbuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-fdeUbuntudevel*
Linux-azure-fdeUbuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-azure-fdeUbuntufocal*
Linux-azure-fdeUbuntujammy*
Linux-azure-fdeUbuntunoble*
Linux-azure-fdeUbunturesolute*
Linux-azure-fdeUbuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-fde-5.15Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-azure-fde-5.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-fde-5.19Ubuntujammy*
Linux-azure-fde-5.19Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-fde-6.14Ubuntunoble*
Linux-azure-fde-6.14Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-fde-6.17Ubuntunoble*
Linux-azure-fde-6.17Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-fde-6.2Ubuntujammy*
Linux-azure-fde-6.2Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-fde-6.8Ubuntujammy*
Linux-azure-fde-6.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-fde-7.0Ubuntunoble*
Linux-azure-fde-7.0Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-fipsUbuntufips-preview/jammy*
Linux-azure-fipsUbuntufips-updates/jammy*
Linux-azure-fipsUbuntufips-updates/noble*
Linux-azure-fipsUbuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-nvidiaUbuntunoble*
Linux-azure-nvidiaUbuntuupstream*
Linux-azure-nvidia-6.14Ubuntunoble*
Linux-azure-nvidia-6.14Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-bluefieldUbuntubluefield/jammy*
Linux-bluefieldUbuntubluefield/noble*
Linux-bluefieldUbuntuupstream*
Linux-fipsUbuntufips-preview/jammy*
Linux-fipsUbuntufips-updates/jammy*
Linux-fipsUbuntufips-updates/noble*
Linux-fipsUbuntuupstream*
Linux-gcpUbuntubionic*
Linux-gcpUbuntuesm-infra/bionic*
Linux-gcpUbuntujammy*
Linux-gcpUbuntunoble*
Linux-gcpUbunturesolute*
Linux-gcpUbuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-4.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-5.11Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-gcp-5.11Ubuntufocal*
Linux-gcp-5.11Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-5.13Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-gcp-5.13Ubuntufocal*
Linux-gcp-5.13Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-5.15Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-gcp-5.15Ubuntufocal*
Linux-gcp-5.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-5.19Ubuntujammy*
Linux-gcp-5.19Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-5.3Ubuntubionic*
Linux-gcp-5.3Ubuntuesm-infra/bionic*
Linux-gcp-5.3Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-5.4Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-5.8Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-gcp-5.8Ubuntufocal*
Linux-gcp-5.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-6.11Ubuntunoble*
Linux-gcp-6.11Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-6.14Ubuntunoble*
Linux-gcp-6.14Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-6.17Ubuntunoble*
Linux-gcp-6.17Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-6.2Ubuntujammy*
Linux-gcp-6.2Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-6.5Ubuntujammy*
Linux-gcp-6.5Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-6.8Ubuntujammy*
Linux-gcp-6.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-7.0Ubuntunoble*
Linux-gcp-7.0Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gcp-fipsUbuntufips-preview/jammy*
Linux-gcp-fipsUbuntufips-updates/jammy*
Linux-gcp-fipsUbuntufips-updates/noble*
Linux-gcp-fipsUbuntuupstream*
Linux-gkeUbuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-gkeUbuntufocal*
Linux-gkeUbuntujammy*
Linux-gkeUbuntunoble*
Linux-gkeUbunturesolute*
Linux-gkeUbuntuupstream*
Linux-gkeUbuntuxenial*
Linux-gke-4.15Ubuntubionic*
Linux-gke-4.15Ubuntuesm-infra/bionic*
Linux-gke-4.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gke-5.15Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-gke-5.15Ubuntufocal*
Linux-gke-5.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gke-5.4Ubuntubionic*
Linux-gke-5.4Ubuntuesm-infra/bionic*
Linux-gke-5.4Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gkeopUbuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-gkeopUbuntufocal*
Linux-gkeopUbuntujammy*
Linux-gkeopUbuntunoble*
Linux-gkeopUbuntuupstream*
Linux-gkeop-5.15Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-gkeop-5.15Ubuntufocal*
Linux-gkeop-5.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-gkeop-5.4Ubuntubionic*
Linux-gkeop-5.4Ubuntuesm-infra/bionic*
Linux-gkeop-5.4Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-hweUbuntubionic*
Linux-hweUbuntuesm-infra/bionic*
Linux-hweUbuntuupstream*
Linux-hwe-5.11Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-hwe-5.11Ubuntufocal*
Linux-hwe-5.11Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-hwe-5.13Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-hwe-5.13Ubuntufocal*
Linux-hwe-5.13Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-hwe-5.15Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-hwe-5.15Ubuntufocal*
Linux-hwe-5.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-hwe-5.19Ubuntujammy*
Linux-hwe-5.19Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-hwe-5.4Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-hwe-5.8Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-hwe-5.8Ubuntufocal*
Linux-hwe-5.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-hwe-6.11Ubuntunoble*
Linux-hwe-6.11Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-hwe-6.14Ubuntunoble*
Linux-hwe-6.14Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-hwe-6.17Ubuntunoble*
Linux-hwe-6.17Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-hwe-6.2Ubuntujammy*
Linux-hwe-6.2Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-hwe-6.5Ubuntujammy*
Linux-hwe-6.5Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-hwe-6.8Ubuntujammy*
Linux-hwe-6.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-hwe-7.0Ubuntunoble*
Linux-hwe-7.0Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-hwe-edgeUbuntubionic*
Linux-hwe-edgeUbuntuesm-infra-legacy/xenial*
Linux-hwe-edgeUbuntuesm-infra/bionic*
Linux-hwe-edgeUbuntuesm-infra/xenial*
Linux-hwe-edgeUbuntuupstream*
Linux-hwe-edgeUbuntuxenial*
Linux-ibmUbuntujammy*
Linux-ibmUbuntunoble*
Linux-ibmUbunturesolute*
Linux-ibmUbuntuupstream*
Linux-ibm-5.15Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-ibm-5.15Ubuntufocal*
Linux-ibm-5.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-ibm-5.4Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-ibm-6.8Ubuntujammy*
Linux-ibm-6.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-intel-5.13Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-intel-5.13Ubuntufocal*
Linux-intel-5.13Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-intel-iot-realtimeUbuntujammy*
Linux-intel-iot-realtimeUbunturealtime/jammy*
Linux-intel-iot-realtimeUbuntuupstream*
Linux-intel-iotgUbuntujammy*
Linux-intel-iotgUbuntuupstream*
Linux-intel-iotg-5.15Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-intel-iotg-5.15Ubuntufocal*
Linux-intel-iotg-5.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-iotUbuntuupstream*
Linux-kvmUbuntujammy*
Linux-kvmUbuntuupstream*
Linux-lowlatencyUbuntujammy*
Linux-lowlatencyUbuntunoble*
Linux-lowlatencyUbuntuupstream*
Linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15Ubuntufocal*
Linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19Ubuntujammy*
Linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11Ubuntunoble*
Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2Ubuntujammy*
Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5Ubuntujammy*
Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8Ubuntujammy*
Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-lts-xenialUbuntuupstream*
Linux-nvidiaUbuntujammy*
Linux-nvidiaUbuntunoble*
Linux-nvidiaUbunturesolute*
Linux-nvidiaUbuntuupstream*
Linux-nvidia-6.11Ubuntunoble*
Linux-nvidia-6.11Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-nvidia-6.17Ubuntunoble*
Linux-nvidia-6.17Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-nvidia-6.2Ubuntujammy*
Linux-nvidia-6.2Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-nvidia-6.5Ubuntujammy*
Linux-nvidia-6.5Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-nvidia-6.8Ubuntujammy*
Linux-nvidia-6.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-nvidia-7.0Ubuntunoble*
Linux-nvidia-7.0Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-nvidia-bosUbunturesolute*
Linux-nvidia-bosUbuntuupstream*
Linux-nvidia-lowlatencyUbuntunoble*
Linux-nvidia-lowlatencyUbuntuupstream*
Linux-nvidia-tegraUbuntujammy*
Linux-nvidia-tegraUbuntunoble*
Linux-nvidia-tegraUbuntuupstream*
Linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15Ubuntufocal*
Linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-nvidia-tegra-igxUbuntujammy*
Linux-nvidia-tegra-igxUbuntuupstream*
Linux-oemUbuntubionic*
Linux-oemUbuntuesm-infra/bionic*
Linux-oemUbuntuupstream*
Linux-oemUbuntuxenial*
Linux-oem-5.10Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-oem-5.10Ubuntufocal*
Linux-oem-5.10Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oem-5.13Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-oem-5.13Ubuntufocal*
Linux-oem-5.13Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oem-5.14Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-oem-5.14Ubuntufocal*
Linux-oem-5.14Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oem-5.17Ubuntujammy*
Linux-oem-5.17Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oem-5.6Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-oem-5.6Ubuntufocal*
Linux-oem-5.6Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oem-6.0Ubuntujammy*
Linux-oem-6.0Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oem-6.1Ubuntujammy*
Linux-oem-6.1Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oem-6.11Ubuntunoble*
Linux-oem-6.11Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oem-6.14Ubuntunoble*
Linux-oem-6.14Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oem-6.17Ubuntunoble*
Linux-oem-6.17Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oem-6.5Ubuntujammy*
Linux-oem-6.5Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oem-6.8Ubuntunoble*
Linux-oem-6.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oem-7.0Ubunturesolute*
Linux-oem-7.0Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oracleUbuntujammy*
Linux-oracleUbuntunoble*
Linux-oracleUbunturesolute*
Linux-oracleUbuntuupstream*
Linux-oracle-5.0Ubuntubionic*
Linux-oracle-5.0Ubuntuesm-infra/bionic*
Linux-oracle-5.0Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oracle-5.11Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-oracle-5.11Ubuntufocal*
Linux-oracle-5.11Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oracle-5.13Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-oracle-5.13Ubuntufocal*
Linux-oracle-5.13Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oracle-5.15Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-oracle-5.15Ubuntufocal*
Linux-oracle-5.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oracle-5.3Ubuntubionic*
Linux-oracle-5.3Ubuntuesm-infra/bionic*
Linux-oracle-5.3Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oracle-5.4Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oracle-5.8Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-oracle-5.8Ubuntufocal*
Linux-oracle-5.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oracle-6.14Ubuntunoble*
Linux-oracle-6.14Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oracle-6.17Ubuntunoble*
Linux-oracle-6.17Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oracle-6.5Ubuntujammy*
Linux-oracle-6.5Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oracle-6.8Ubuntujammy*
Linux-oracle-6.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-oracle-7.0Ubuntunoble*
Linux-oracle-7.0Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-raspiUbuntudevel*
Linux-raspiUbuntujammy*
Linux-raspiUbuntunoble*
Linux-raspiUbunturesolute*
Linux-raspiUbuntuupstream*
Linux-raspi-5.4Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-raspi-realtimeUbuntunoble*
Linux-raspi-realtimeUbunturealtime/noble*
Linux-raspi-realtimeUbuntuupstream*
Linux-raspi2Ubuntubionic*
Linux-raspi2Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-raspi2Ubuntufocal*
Linux-raspi2Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-raspi2Ubuntuxenial*
Linux-realtimeUbuntudevel*
Linux-realtimeUbuntujammy*
Linux-realtimeUbuntunoble*
Linux-realtimeUbunturealtime/jammy*
Linux-realtimeUbunturealtime/noble*
Linux-realtimeUbunturesolute*
Linux-realtimeUbuntuupstream*
Linux-realtime-6.14Ubunturealtime/noble*
Linux-realtime-6.14Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-realtime-6.17Ubunturealtime/noble*
Linux-realtime-6.17Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-realtime-6.8Ubunturealtime/jammy*
Linux-realtime-6.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-riscvUbuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-riscvUbuntufocal*
Linux-riscvUbuntujammy*
Linux-riscvUbuntunoble*
Linux-riscvUbunturesolute*
Linux-riscvUbuntuupstream*
Linux-riscv-5.11Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-riscv-5.11Ubuntufocal*
Linux-riscv-5.11Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-riscv-5.15Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-riscv-5.15Ubuntufocal*
Linux-riscv-5.15Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-riscv-5.19Ubuntujammy*
Linux-riscv-5.19Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-riscv-5.8Ubuntuesm-infra/focal*
Linux-riscv-5.8Ubuntufocal*
Linux-riscv-5.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-riscv-6.14Ubuntunoble*
Linux-riscv-6.14Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-riscv-6.17Ubuntunoble*
Linux-riscv-6.17Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-riscv-6.5Ubuntujammy*
Linux-riscv-6.5Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-riscv-6.8Ubuntujammy*
Linux-riscv-6.8Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-riscv-7.0Ubuntunoble*
Linux-riscv-7.0Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-starfive-5.19Ubuntujammy*
Linux-starfive-5.19Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-starfive-6.2Ubuntujammy*
Linux-starfive-6.2Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-starfive-6.5Ubuntujammy*
Linux-starfive-6.5Ubuntuupstream*
Linux-xilinxUbuntunoble*
Linux-xilinxUbuntuupstream*
Linux-xilinx-zynqmpUbuntujammy*
Linux-xilinx-zynqmpUbuntuupstream*

Potential Mitigations

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an “accept known good” input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, “boat” may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as “red” or “blue.”
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code’s environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.

References