In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ALSA: seq: Fix division by zero in initialize_timer()
A userspace-driven ALSA timer (SND_UTIMER) lets an unprivileged user set the backing snd_timers hardware resolution to an arbitrary 64-bit value via SNDRV_TIMER_IOCTL_CREATE. snd_utimer_create() only rejects zero.
When such a timer is bound to a sequencer queue, initialize_timer() computes the tick period as
tmr->ticks = 1000000000 / (r * freq);
where r is that user-controlled resolution and freq is the sequencer update rate in Hz, clamped to MIN_FREQUENCY..MAX_FREQUENCY (10..6250). A resolution of 2^63 makes the 64-bit product r * freq wrap to zero for any even freq, including DEFAULT_FREQUENCY (1000), so the division faults with a divide-by-zero.
The division runs under tmr->lock with interrupts disabled, so the oops leaves the spinlock held and hangs the CPU. It is reachable by an unprivileged user with access to /dev/snd/timer and /dev/snd/seq.
Oops: divide error: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI CPU: 7 UID: 1000 PID: 456 Comm: alsa_seq_utimer Not tainted 7.2.0-rc4+ RIP: 0010:initialize_timer.constprop.0+0x20a/0x2d0 snd_seq_timer_start+0x15e/0x2b0 snd_seq_control_queue+0x56f/0xba0 snd_seq_write+0x3e0/0x730
Reject an overflowing product with check_mul_overflow() and fall back to a single tick, which also avoids feeding a wrapped-but-nonzero divisor (e.g. 2^63 * 1000 mod 2^64 == 0, or other resolutions wrapping to a small value) into the period computation.
| Name | Vendor | Start Version | End Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Ubuntu | devel | * |
| Linux | Ubuntu | resolute | * |
| Linux | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-allwinner-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-allwinner-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws | Ubuntu | devel | * |
| Linux-aws | Ubuntu | resolute | * |
| Linux-aws | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-5.0 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-aws-5.0 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-aws-5.0 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-5.11 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-aws-5.11 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-aws-5.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-5.13 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-aws-5.13 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-aws-5.13 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-aws-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-5.3 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-aws-5.3 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-aws-5.3 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-5.8 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-aws-5.8 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-aws-5.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-6.14 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-aws-6.14 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-6.17 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-aws-6.17 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-aws-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-aws-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-7.0 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-aws-7.0 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-fips | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-aws-hwe | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | devel | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | resolute | * |
| Linux-azure | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-4.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-5.11 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-azure-5.11 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-azure-5.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-5.13 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-azure-5.13 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-azure-5.13 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-azure-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-5.3 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-azure-5.3 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-azure-5.3 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-5.8 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-azure-5.8 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-azure-5.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-6.11 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-azure-6.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-6.14 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-azure-6.14 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-6.17 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-azure-6.17 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-azure-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-azure-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-edge | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-azure-edge | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-azure-edge | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-fde | Ubuntu | devel | * |
| Linux-azure-fde | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-azure-fde | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-azure-fde | Ubuntu | resolute | * |
| Linux-azure-fde | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-6.14 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-6.14 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-6.17 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-6.17 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-fde-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-fips | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-nvidia | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-azure-nvidia-6.14 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-azure-nvidia-6.14 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-bluefield | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-fips | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-gcp | Ubuntu | devel | * |
| Linux-gcp | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-gcp | Ubuntu | resolute | * |
| Linux-gcp | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-4.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.11 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.11 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.13 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.13 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.13 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.3 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.3 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.3 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.8 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.8 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gcp-5.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.11 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.14 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.14 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.17 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.17 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gcp-fips | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gke | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-gke | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gke | Ubuntu | resolute | * |
| Linux-gke | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gke | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-gke-4.15 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-gke-4.15 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-gke-4.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gke-5.15 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-gke-5.15 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gke-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gke-5.4 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-gke-5.4 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-gke-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gkeop | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-gkeop | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gkeop | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gkeop-5.15 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-gkeop-5.15 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-gkeop-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-gkeop-5.4 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-gkeop-5.4 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-gkeop-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-hwe | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-hwe | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.11 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.11 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.13 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.13 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.13 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.8 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.8 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-hwe-5.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.11 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.14 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.14 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.17 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.17 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-7.0 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-hwe-7.0 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-edge | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-hwe-edge | Ubuntu | esm-infra-legacy/xenial | * |
| Linux-hwe-edge | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-hwe-edge | Ubuntu | esm-infra/xenial | * |
| Linux-hwe-edge | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-hwe-edge | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-ibm | Ubuntu | resolute | * |
| Linux-ibm | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-ibm-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-ibm-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-ibm-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-intel-5.13 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-intel-5.13 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-intel-5.13 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-intel-iot-realtime | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-intel-iot-realtime | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-intel-iotg | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-intel-iotg-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-iot | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-kvm | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-lowlatency | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-lts-xenial | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia | Ubuntu | resolute | * |
| Linux-nvidia | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia-6.11 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-nvidia-6.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia-6.17 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-nvidia-6.17 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-nvidia-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-nvidia-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia-7.0 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-nvidia-7.0 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia-bos | Ubuntu | resolute | * |
| Linux-nvidia-bos | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia-lowlatency | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia-tegra | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-nvidia-tegra-igx | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-oem | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-oem | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-oem-5.10 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-oem-5.10 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oem-5.10 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-5.13 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-oem-5.13 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oem-5.13 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-5.14 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-oem-5.14 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oem-5.14 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-5.17 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-oem-5.17 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-5.6 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-oem-5.6 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oem-5.6 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-6.0 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-oem-6.0 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-6.1 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-oem-6.1 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-6.11 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-oem-6.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-6.14 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-oem-6.14 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-6.17 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-oem-6.17 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-oem-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-6.8 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-oem-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oem-7.0 | Ubuntu | resolute | * |
| Linux-oem-7.0 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle | Ubuntu | devel | * |
| Linux-oracle | Ubuntu | resolute | * |
| Linux-oracle | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.0 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.0 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.0 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.11 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.11 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.13 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.13 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.13 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.3 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.3 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/bionic | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.3 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.8 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.8 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-oracle-5.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-6.14 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-oracle-6.14 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-6.17 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-oracle-6.17 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-oracle-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-oracle-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-raspi | Ubuntu | devel | * |
| Linux-raspi | Ubuntu | resolute | * |
| Linux-raspi | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-raspi-5.4 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-raspi-realtime | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-raspi-realtime | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-raspi2 | Ubuntu | bionic | * |
| Linux-raspi2 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-raspi2 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-raspi2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-raspi2 | Ubuntu | xenial | * |
| Linux-realtime | Ubuntu | devel | * |
| Linux-realtime | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-realtime | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-realtime | Ubuntu | resolute | * |
| Linux-realtime | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-realtime-6.14 | Ubuntu | realtime/noble | * |
| Linux-realtime-6.14 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-realtime-6.17 | Ubuntu | realtime/noble | * |
| Linux-realtime-6.17 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-realtime-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv | Ubuntu | devel | * |
| Linux-riscv | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-riscv | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-riscv | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-riscv | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-riscv | Ubuntu | resolute | * |
| Linux-riscv | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.11 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.11 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.11 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.15 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.8 | Ubuntu | esm-infra/focal | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.8 | Ubuntu | focal | * |
| Linux-riscv-5.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv-6.14 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-riscv-6.14 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv-6.17 | Ubuntu | noble | * |
| Linux-riscv-6.17 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-riscv-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-riscv-6.8 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-starfive-5.19 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-starfive-5.19 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-starfive-6.2 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-starfive-6.2 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-starfive-6.5 | Ubuntu | jammy | * |
| Linux-starfive-6.5 | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-xilinx | Ubuntu | upstream | * |
| Linux-xilinx-zynqmp | Ubuntu | upstream | * |