CVE-2026-99085

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

sched_ext: Fix CPU hotplug hang when a dying CPUs tasks sit in the BPF scheduler

A CPU going down has to empty its own rq. Its hotplug thread waits in sched_cpu_wait_empty() until nothing else is left, and the only thing that wakes it is balance_push(), which runs from __schedule() on the dying CPU and pushes off the migratable tasks the CPU picks.

sched_ext breaks this. A task sitting on a user DSQ or held by the BPF scheduler is still counted on its rq, but an inactive CPU no longer calls ops.dispatch() and cant pull the task back. The dying CPU goes idle with the task still counted, and one of two things happens:

• Another CPU consumes the task. The rq empties without a __schedule() on the dying CPU, so the hotplug thread is never woken and cpu_down() hangs holding cpu_hotplug_lock.
• The task is affine only to the dying CPU. Nothing can move it, and the offline stalls until the watchdog ejects the BPF scheduler.

When the rq goes offline, re-enqueue every task on it that isnt already on the local DSQ. An enqueue on an offline rq lands on the local DSQ, so the dying CPU itself picks the tasks and balance_push() pushes them off, the same as for the other sched classes. From then on no sched_ext path on another CPU can pull a task off the rq.

ops.dispatch() currently stops as soon as the CPU goes inactive, and CPU hotplug then waits for an RCU grace period before taking the rq offline. A BPF-held task affine only to the dying CPU and preempted inside an RCU read-side critical section would block that grace period, and the rq would never go offline. Test SCX_RQ_ONLINE directly so that ops.dispatch() keeps running until the rq goes offline. Only the dying CPUs own hotplug thread clears the flag during teardown, and task_can_run_on_remote_rq() still keeps other rqs tasks off the CPU.

Affected Software

References

• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/173ff9d03ec6373c3158b6e630af33a9b36fd216
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/638ee6bca19750934ea13f9c325f46fd8ae60064
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d35a535d3e3e71f92a051d94e415f43612c4edfc
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f79cd7a2df3768323fbfb9b0f96adff08fb7eb4c